Dharma is not merely a system of rituals, customs, or religious practices. It is the path of righteousness that guides a person toward truth, compassion, justice, self-discipline, and noble conduct. To help people understand its true nature, the scriptures describe the essential qualities that define Dharma.
According to Manusmriti (Chapter 6, Verse 92), Dharma is characterized by ten fundamental virtues:
«Dhritiḥ Kṣamā Damo’steyaṁ Śaucam Indriya-Nigrahaḥ |
Dhīr Vidyā Satyam Akrodho Daśakaṁ Dharma-Lakṣaṇam ||»
The 10 Characteristics of Dharma
1. Dhriti (Fortitude)
The ability to remain patient, courageous, and steadfast during difficult circumstances.
2. Kshama (Forgiveness)
The willingness to forgive others and let go of resentment and hatred.
3. Dama (Self-Restraint)
Controlling the mind and preventing it from following harmful desires.
4. Asteya (Non-Stealing)
Not taking what does not belong to you and respecting the rights and property of others.
5. Shaucha (Purity)
Maintaining cleanliness and purity in body, mind, speech, and actions.
6. Indriya Nigraha (Control of the Senses)
Keeping the senses under control and making decisions guided by wisdom rather than impulses.
7. Dhi (Wisdom)
Using intelligence, discernment, and sound judgment to distinguish right from wrong.
8. Vidya (Knowledge)
Seeking true knowledge and using it for personal growth and the welfare of others.
9. Satya (Truthfulness)
Speaking the truth, acting honestly, and remaining faithful to righteousness.
10. Akrodha (Freedom from Anger)
Controlling anger and responding to situations with patience and calmness.
Why Are These Ten Characteristics Important?
These ten virtues together shape a person’s character and form the foundation of a righteous life. A person who sincerely practices these qualities moves closer to the true spirit of Dharma. Dharma is not limited to beliefs—it is reflected in our daily thoughts, words, and actions.
Conclusion
Following Dharma means living with integrity, compassion, self-discipline, and wisdom. The ten characteristics described in the Manusmriti continue to serve as timeless principles for leading a balanced, ethical, and meaningful life.
In the upcoming articles, we will explore each of these ten characteristics—Dhriti, Kshama, Dama, Asteya, Shaucha, Indriya Nigraha, Dhi, Vidya, Satya, and Akrodha—in greater detail.